Examination "rule-in" Diagnosis

Functional neurologic disorders
Stone J, Carson A. Functional neurologic disorders. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2015 Jun;21(3):818-837.

The value of 'positive' clinical signs for weakness, sensory and gait disorders in conversion disorder: a systematic and narrative review
Daum C, Hubschmid M, Aybek S. The value of 'positive' clinical signs for weakness, sensory and gait disorders in conversion disorder: a systematic and narrative review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014 Feb;85(2):180-190.

Recognising and explaining functional neurological disorder
Stone J, Burton C, Carson A. Recognising and explaining functional neurological disorder. BMJ. 2020 Oct 21;371:m3745.

Diagnosis and management of functional neurological disorder
Aybek S, Perez DL. Diagnosis and management of functional neurological disorder. BMJ. 2022 Jan 24;376:o64.

Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment of Functional Neurological Disorders
Espay AJ, Aybek S, Carson A, Edwards MJ, Goldstein LH, Hallett M, LaFaver K, LaFrance WC Jr, Lang AE, Nicholson T, Nielsen G, Reuber M, Voon V, Stone J, Morgante F. Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment of Functional Neurological Disorders. JAMA Neurol. 2018 Sep 1;75(9):1132-1141.

Functional gait disorders: A sign-based approach
Nonnekes J, Růžička E, Serranová T, Reich SG, Bloem BR, Hallett M. Functional gait disorders: A sign-based approach. Neurology. 2020 Jun 16;94(24):1093-1099.
open access

Psychogenic tremor: a video guide to its distinguishing features
Thenganatt MA, Jankovic J. Psychogenic tremor: a video guide to its distinguishing features. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2014 Aug 27;4:253.
open access

Cranial functional (psychogenic) movement disorders
Kaski D, Bronstein AM, Edwards MJ, Stone J. Cranial functional (psychogenic) movement disorders. Lancet Neurol. 2015 Dec;14(12):1196-205.

How to use the entrainment test in the diagnosis of functional tremor
Roper LS, Saifee TA, Parees I, Rickards H, Edwards MJ. How to use the entrainment test in the diagnosis of functional tremor. Pract Neurol. 2013 Dec;13(6):396-8.

What are Functional Neurological Disorders? An Introduction to FND
Mark Hallett - Webinar